A growing glossary of key terms used in the metal hose, bellows and expansion joint industry.
AAbrasionDamage caused to the hose assembly, externally by being rubbed on another object or internally from the flow of media through the hose.Ambient ConditionsSurrounding conditions the hose assembly is exposed to such as pressure, temperature and corrosion.Amplitude of Vibration or Lateral MovementThe distance a hose moves to one side from its installed position.Angular OffsetBending the hose so the ends are no longer parallel.Annular CorrugationA series of rings or convulsions at right angle to the centre line of the hose.Armor/CasingUsed to protect the hose and/or to limit bend radius.AttachmentThe method used for attaching end fittings on to the hose, eg welding.Axial MotionCompression or extension along the length of the hose (absorption of movement).BBasket Weave BraidWire Strands that are alternately crossed two over and two under.Bend RadiusThe radius of a bend measured from the centre line.BraidFlexible wire that is weaved together to form a sleeve over the flexible hose, this is done to protect the hose from elongation when under internal pressure, a second layer of braid can be used for higher pressure assemblies.Braid AngleThe angle formed by the braid strands along the axis of the hose.Braid Sleeve or FerruleA metal ring that goes over the end of the hose and braid that end fittings can be attached to.Braid WearFriction between braid and hose which can cause wear.Braided BraidWire strands are firstly braided together.Butt WeldA form of welding where the ends to be joined are butted up against each other and a joined by a weld.CConstant FlexingContinuous or regular movement, for example if the hose is connected to moving parts.CorrosionChemical attack of media on a hose.Corrugation/ConvolutionAnnular or helical flexing member in corrugated hose.Cycle LifeHow many cycles a hose can go through before it fails.Cycle MotionThe movement from neutral to extreme position and then back again.DDeveloped LengthThe overall length of the assembly including hose and end fittings required for a specific application.Diamond Weave BraidWire strands alternately crossed one over and one under.Dye Penetrate TestA non destructive test used to check for surface imperfections such as cracks.Dynamic MotionNon continuous controlled motion e.g. thermal expansion.ErosionThe wearing away of convolutions due to the flow of media.FFatigueStructural failure associated with flexing of the hoseFerruleA metal ring that goes over the end of the hose and braid that end fittings can be attached to.Flat BraidStructural failure associated with flexing of the hose.Flow RateVolume of media passing through the hose in a specific time e.g. gallons per minute.Frequency of VibrationThe rate of vibration or flexure of a hose in a specific time e.g. cycles per minute.HHelical CorrugationA convolution on a hose that is one continuous spiral.IInside DiameterThe distance measured at the closest point either side of the centreline of the hose.LLap WeldA weld were the edges of the material overlap and are then welded together.Lateral OffsetBending the hose so the ends are parallel.LinearA sleeve inserted into the hose to protect the corrugations of the hose from abrasion or used for high velocity media.Live LengthThe section of the hose assembly which is able to flex.Loop InstallationAn installation where the hose is installed in a loop or U shape, this often done where there is movement.MMedia/MediumThe substance that passes through the hose.Minimum Bend RadiusThe smallest radius that a hose can be bent to without suffering permanent damage.NNominal DiameterApproximate inside diameter.OOperating ConditionsConditions a hose assembly is subjected to such as temperature, pressure and movement.Outside DiameterThe distance measured at the furthest point either side of the centreline of the hose.PPermanent Bend/Static BendA fixed radius bend in a hose assembly.PitchThe distance between the peaks of the convolutions.PlyThe number of layers metal used to construct the wall.Pressure, AtmosphericThe pressure of the atmosphere a sea level which is 14.7 PSIPressure, DeformationThe pressure that the convolutions of a hose become permanently deformed.Pressure, Maximum TestThe maximum pressure a hose should be subjected to for test purposes without permanently deforming the hose.Pressure, Maximum WorkingThe maximum pressure that the hose should work at on a day to day basis.Pressure, PulsatingRapid change in pressure above and below the normal base pressure.Pressure, ShockA sudden increase of pressure that can cause a shockwave through the hose permanently damaging it.Pressure, StaticA constant pressure that does not change.Pressure, WorkingInternal or external pressure imposed on a hose during normal operating conditions.PSIAPounds per square inch absolute.PSIGPounds per square inch gauge.RRadial MotionWhen a hose is bent in a 180° arc like what is used in vertical and horizontal traveling loops.Random MotionUncontrolled movement of a hose such as what occurs during manual handling.SSafety FactorThe relationship between working pressure and burst pressure.ScaleRefers to oxide or thin coating of media bought on by surface conditions or welding.SeamlessRefers to corrugated metal hose does not have a weld seam down theSquirmHose failure where the hose is deformed into a S or U shape as a result of excessive internal pressure on un-braided hose where the ends or restrained, or un-braided hose where the hose has been axially compressed loosening the braid while the hose is pressurised.Static BendA fixed radius bend.Steep BraidBraid with an angle of less than 45°.StrandIndividual strands of wire that make up the braid.Stress CorrosionA form of corrosion in stainless steel usually associated with chlorides.TTemperature Correction FactorCorrects the pressure rating in higher temperature applications.Torque/TorsionA force that produces rotation along the longitudinal axis of a hose assembly where one end is fixed.VVacuumNegative pressure of suction.VelocitySpeed at which the media flows through the hose.Velocity ResonanceVibrations of convolutions due to the buffeting of high velocity gas or air flow.
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